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- The Luddite Revolution and Hypertext
- ====================================
-
- The early introduction of automatic looms in England in the 1820's
- threatened the traditional hand-work craft. Workers, with considerable
- skill and knowledge of weaving, were easily replaced by machines.
-
- To prevent this, the workers (known a Luddites) tried to destroy the
- machines to prevent their usage. Since then, such actions towards the
- introduction of labor-saving technology have been called a Luddite
- reaction.
-
- With computers, mild Luddite reactions have occurred with the imagined
- consequence of industrial robots, office automation, and automatic
- typesetting. Generally, job attrition is sufficient to balance the
- needs for fewer workers.
-
- Violent acts by labor have centered more on job loss due to other issues
- (i.e., recession, overseas competition, discrimination, etc.) instead of a
- sudden technological obsolescence of the skills in a class of workers.
-
- However, there are exceptions. For example, in the design of very large
- integrated circuit (VSLI) chips, attempts to build expert machines to
- replace a very talented pool of designers have failed as the designers
- refused to participate in processes that would replace their jobs. That's
- a Luddite reaction.
-
- The same Luddite reaction accompanies hypertext. Consider this:
-
- Assume hypertext can organize complex fields of knowledge into formats such
- that inexperienced users can quickly find the information they want. What
- does that do to the previous vendors of information (the lawyers, doctors,
- accountants, tax specialists, etc.)? See <FILE29 SOCIETY AND HYPERTEXT>.
-
- People who supply physical procedures (surgeons, carpenters, dentists) are
- safe from hypertext. However, hypertext can replace people now suppling
- information (mental procedures), which may make obsolete years of
- professional training or job experience.
-
- Far fetched. Heck no. We're about to offer a hypertext system in one
- profession that provides individuals the captured expertise of a
- nationwide firm of experts. We've already seen Luddite reactions and may
- well see more from the experts in other firms. <FILE43 EXAMPLES>
-
- For another short example, hypertext radically increases the ability of
- users to rapidly acquire by themselves whatever knowledge they want in
- self-selected areas. What do teachers and professors do in the classroom
- once someone creates a set of hypertext disks that cover their courses and
- subjects? <FILE42 CLASSROOM> Provide more testing? Teach something else?
- If subject mastery is their goal and hypertext delivers that faster and
- cheaper, you'll see another Luddite reaction.
-
- Simply stated, not everyone may celebrate your hypertext efforts <FILE44
- SOCIETY> if your system radically defines the talents needed for success
- and you haven't a solution for possible job consequences. Think about
- that!
-
- Neil Larson 1/16/88 FILE45
- 44 Rincon Rd., Kensington, CA 94707
- Copyright MaxThink 1988 -- Call 415-428-0104 for permission to reprint
-